1) Diet – High sugar/starch and grazing diets increase the production of insulin from the pancreas resulting in high levels of insulin and insulin resistance as the body stops responding. Foods containing additives as well as aspartame also increase insulin resistance.
2) Impaired gut health – Destruction of the microbiome (good bacteria in the gut) causes inflammation of the gut lining which then causes insulin levels start to rise very rapidly after eating. Many ingested products can destroy the microbiome including additives, sugary drinks, fizzy drinks (even sparkling water), sweeteners and antibiotics. Insulin resistance is often worse in individuals who have received antibiotics repeatedly, especially when young.
3) Family history – A family history of diabetes or prediabetes and insulin resistance, including young cardiovascular disease, centralised weight and some cancers.
4) Viral illnesses – Viral infections or stresses to the body such as operations, long periods of travel, disruptions of the circadian rhythm - such as shift workers, always have worse insulin resistance and increased metabolic risk for the future.
5) Medications – Antibiotics and some anxiolytic medications can worsen insulin resistance. There are some instances where SSRI’s can cause worsening of insulin resistance in some individuals depending upon the brand and response. Beta blockers in high doses can increase insulin resistance.
6) Synthetic hormones – Especially synthetic progesterone, worsen insulin resistance leading to significant side effects in some patients including weight gain, inflammation and depression.
7) PCOS - Excess insulin production effects the normal development of the follicles so instead of good levels of oestrogen being produced by the developing follicle, the follicles will be small and the cycle will become erratic. In the longer term, excess insulin production leading to insulin resistance has adverse effects.
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